oleh admin | Mar 13, 2025 | ancient rome, croatia, culture, tourist attractions, Travel
Stunning amphitheaters, grand imperial palaces, and lost urban centers—Croatia boasts an extraordinary legacy from antiquity, reflecting a time when Rome held sway over the Adriatic coast. Across the nation, formidable ruins continue to endure, resisting the passage of years as they narrate tales spanning hundreds of generations. Spanning the opulence of rulers to remnants of daily existence, these six locations offer essential stops for anyone seeking insight into classical times.
Boasting a rugged coastline and ancient cities, Croatia conceals remnants of a splendid history under its cobblestone streets and rolling hills. From antiquity onwards,
The Romans have molded this region.
, constructing theaters, forums, villas, and fortresses that still stand as testaments to their legacy.
Today, these awe-inspiring remains still captivate tourists who wish to explore history and magnificence throughout their visit. Every location provides a compelling look into an age when Rome influenced legislation, customs, and design across the area.
If you’re planning a trip to Croatia, these articles can assist you in selecting your itinerary:
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This island off the coast of Dubrovnik is waiting to be explored immediately.
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Croatia: 5 Culinary Specialties to Try During Your Stay in the Thousand-Island Country
—
Croatia offers a delightful culinary experience with these five must-try dishes when visiting this archipelago nation.
—
If you’re planning a visit to Croatia, make sure to sample these five traditional local specialties during your trip through the land of numerous islands.
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In the Balkans, the landscapes and people come alive through the pen of Rebecca West.
6 historic locations you shouldn’t miss when visiting Croatia
The Pula amphitheater stands as a stony colossus suspended in history.
At the center of the Istrian Peninsula lies Pula, home to an astounding Roman amphitheater. Perched above the Adriatic Sea, this monumental structure was initially constructed during the reign of Augustus and subsequently enlarged by Emperor Vespasian in the 1st century.
st
a century, which could formerly accommodate as many as 23,000 spectators.
The majestic arches continue to stand tall, resisting decay and serving as a testament to the glory of past gladiator contests. Nowadays, the sounds of savage animals have been supplanted by music performances and cultural celebrations, infusing fresh vitality into this enduring landmark.
Diocletian’s Palace in Split, a testament to imperial extravagance
At the center of Split
, vibrant narrow streets hide one of the most impressive historical royal palaces constructed during the early 400s.
th
For Diocletian, this immense structure combines a luxurious palace with formidable military defenses.
The arched hallways, stone-paved courtyards, and meticulously maintained shrines transport guests into the grandeur of an emperor who selected Dalmatia for his refuge. Beyond being merely an artifact, this structure is deeply integrated within the urban tapestry; today, its pillars serve as supports for cafes and bazaars, whereas its subterranean areas continue to resonate with echoes from ancient times.
Salona, the long-lost city of Roman Dalmatia
A short distance away from Split lies Salona, where extensive remains sprawl across what was once a prosperous area. Serving as the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, this thriving commercial center had a population exceeding 60,000 residents until it was laid waste by barbarian attacks.
In today’s scene, the breeze meanders among the ruins of an amphitheater partly crumbled into dust, with vestiges of ancient bathhouses and basilicas standing tall like memories from when traders, warriors, and politicians frequently intersected within this flourishing metropolis.
The Roman Forum of Zadar, the vibrant core of an ancient city spanning a millennium.
Located by the seaside, Zadar preserves a Roman forum at its core, featuring remnants that underscore the city’s significant position in ancient times. Established during the reign of Emperor Augustus, this extensive paved area served as both the administrative hub and economic center of the city.
Isolated pillars, remnants of ancient sanctuaries, along with pieces of colonnades, continue to rise, etching history onto the stones. Surrounding these testaments to the past, the city thrums with vitality, featuring bustling cafes and an archaeological museum that prolongs the exploration of times gone by.
Burnum, a military encampment established within stone
Away from the well-trodden route, Burnum watches over.
the dry terrain of the Dalmatian inland regions
Here, you won’t find opulent villas or intricately designed shrines; instead, you’ll see the remnants of a military encampment where Roman soldiers were stationed.
The starkly elegant amphitheater stands as testament to the amusement provided for the troops, whereas the remnants of the aqueduct highlight Roman innovation. This less-frequented location immerses tourists in the unforgiving and tactical environment of old military outposts.
The ruins of Nesactium, an obscure Illyrian settlement.
On the outskirts of Istria lies Nesactium, which showcases remnants of an early civilization active prior to Roman times. Situated atop a hill between the villages of Muntić and Valtura, this archaeological site uncovers the ruins of a fortified town featuring large stonewalls, shrines, and burial grounds that reflect age-old traditions.
Defeated by Rome in the 2nd century.
nd
In the 1st century BC, the area was redesigned following imperial city-planning principles, featuring bathhouses and sanctuaries devoted to deities of Roman mythology. These remnants can still be seen amidst the oak and olive groves today.
oleh admin | Mar 7, 2025 | saudi arabia, tourist attractions, tourists, Travel, travel destinations
Previously considered the “best-kept secret” among global travelers, Saudi Arabia has emerged as an essential travel destination for Europeans.
At the ITB Berlin 2025 conference, Saudi Tourism Authority’s CEO, Fahd Hamidaddin, informed Euronews Travel that European arrivals increased by 24 percent in 2024, positioning the nation as an emerging global center for sports, with a higher number of events compared to Las Vegas.
With major sporting spectacles such as the 2034 FIFA World Cup on the horizon, alongside opulent getaways along the picturesque shores of the Red Sea and adventurous desert camps beneath the vast starlit skies, Saudi Arabia caters to a wide array of traveler preferences. This makes it a perfect ‘best of both worlds’ destination for visitors with varied interests.
There are more tourists from Europe visiting Saudi Arabia than any other place.
“Saudi Arabia remains one of the greatest and biggest mysteries hidden from travelers across the globe,” asserts Fahd Hamidaddin, Chief Executive Officer of the Saudi Tourism Authority.
Last year, we saw the most significant expansion originating from Europe, where growth attributed solely to this region reached 24 percent, including women accounting for 44 percent of that total.
When we began in 2019, our aim was to reach 100 million visitors by 2030. However, by the close of 2023, we surpassed this target with over 106 million visits.
“The current objective has been set at 150 million, with our growth rate consistently doubling each year. Over the last four years, we have maintained our position as the quickest-expanding travel destination globally.”
From the breathtaking Red Sea shoreline to extensive
desert landscapes
And with premier sporting events, Saudi Arabia provides a distinctive mix of adventurous activities, rich cultural experiences, and luxurious amenities.
Below are the top methods to explore the Kingdom in 2025.
From FIFA World Cup to Formula 1 Grand Prix: The globe’s top athletic mecca
Saudi Arabia has rapidly emerged as a major force in international sports tourism.
Elite sports figures such as Cristiano Ronaldo, Tyson Fury, and Max Verstappen have all participated in events on Saudi Arabian turf, along with significant
sporting events
attract people from all over the world.
In 2034, millions of people will descend upon Saudi Arabia for the FIFA World Cup, whereas 2025 is poised to be brimming with various sports competitions.
This April, the AFC Asian U17 Cup will highlight some of Asia’s most promising young football talents, whereas motorsport enthusiasts can watch Lewis Hamilton adorned in Ferrari red as he competes at the Jeddah Corniche Circuit during the Saudi Arabian Formula One Grand Prix.
During August, basketball enthusiasts have the opportunity to see top-tier national teams from across the continent compete for glory at the FIBA Asia Cup. In contrast, tennis aficionados will be treated to matches featuring the planet’s elite eight players when they take center stage at the WTA Tour Finals in November.
“Every major sports event, whether it’s a Formula One race or the World Cup, is accompanied by a range of cultural activities,” according to Hamidaddin.
“Saudi has been hosting more events per week than Vegas had events per week, from the Formulas, to boxing, to the World Cup, to tennis, and Dakar [Rally – the off-road endurance event].”
Sun, sand, and tranquility: Enjoy ultimate luxury at The Red Sea
Boasting untouched shorelines, exceptional sea creatures, and an array of luxurious five-star resorts, the Red Sea spans across 28,000 square kilometres along Saudi Arabia’s west coast, making it a heavenly destination.
So far, two upscale developments have debuted along its coastline, featuring the Six Senses Southern Dunes, and the St. Regis Red Sea Resort which boasts overwater bungalows extending out above the clear blue waters.
The Saudi Red Sea is the biggest vertical Riviera globally,” says Hamidaddin. “It’s an exceptional location extending from the northernmost point of Neom and Sindalah Island all the way down to the southern part of the Saudi coastline.
By the conclusion of 2025, this location will accommodate 16 resorts, and by 2030, an additional 34 resorts will bring the total count up to 50.
luxury marinas
, golf courses, and housing developments.
The developer of Red Sea, the destination manager, emphasizes that sustainable growth lies at the core of their initiative. Seventy-five percent of the area’s islands will remain undisturbed, with the remaining portion set for development.
renewable energy
.
Setting up camp beneath the stars in Saudi Arabia’s desert regions
Approximately 30 percent of Saudi Arabia’s land area is blanketed by
desert
,
Moreover, the region is renowned for its majestic dunes, ranging from the crimson tones of the Ad Dahna Desert to the vast wilderness of Rub’Al Khali (TheEmptyQuarter), which holds the title as the planet’s most extensive uninterrupted sandy terrain.
The vast Arabian sand dunes present a globally renowned attraction in the winter season, possibly rivaling major attractions around the world.
safari
in Africa and
skiing in the Alps
,” says Hamidaddin.
“Whether you’re into sand therapies, engaging in sand sports, seeking thrilling adventures, or enjoying stargazing, there’s an abundance of activities to experience, such as bearing witness to
rewilding initiatives
Through which we’ve introduced 21 species to establish a new animal kingdom.”
In the historic city of AlUla, you have the opportunity to go on camel rides, camp out in the desert, and gaze at the stars across the expansive night sky.
To seek further adventures, trek through the Red Sands vicinity.
Riyadh
Or venture into the historic Najd region, where off-road adventures stand unmatched.
If you’re seeking an adrenaline-pumping experience amidst the desert landscape, visit the Edge of the World—a breathtaking 1,131-meter cliff located within the Tuwaik mountain range close to Riyadh. This spot offers climbers the opportunity to ascend dizzying elevations and enjoy some of the nation’s most stunning vistas.
oleh admin | Mar 5, 2025 | tourist attractions, Travel, travel destinations, yachting, yachts
The marinas in Monaco and Dubai serve as play areas for the ultra-wealthy, whereas Sanya is emerging as a key destination for marine tourism. Meanwhile, Singapore maintains a vibrant and busy port.
Bubbly pours freely, colossal yachts cruise by, and the vast ocean calls out with the allure of exploration—marinas are far more than mere docking spots. Featuring top-notch amenities and breathtaking settings, these six locales stand alone as attractions worth visiting.
1. Port Hercules, Monaco
The epitome of exclusiveness, Port Hercules, also known as Millionaire’s Harbor, has for years stood as a emblem of affluence and opulence. Situated right at the center of
Monte Carlo
Since ancient Greek and Roman times, it has served as Monaco’s primary harbor. Originally a fishing port and naval station, it has transformed into what may be the world’s most recognizable superyacht marina. During the Monaco Grand Prix (from May 23 to 25 this year), the marina becomes a sort of floating VIP lounge. Spectators in Zone 1 get excellent track-side vantage points but at a steep price; docking a yacht up to 150 meters long can cost over €150,000 (approximately HK$1.2 million).
While Port Hercules sees significant activity during the Grand Prix weekend, it remains bustling throughout the year as well. Royalty, famous musicians, actors, athletes, and other notable figures regularly moor their yachts at this prestigious harbor. One of the highlights includes the glamorous Monaco Yacht Show held from September 24th through 27th, which adds excitement to both the social scene and nautical events.
In addition to high-end shopping, exquisite restaurants, and gambling venues, visitors arriving sans watercraft have plenty of options too. Among these attractions is the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, home to an impressive collection of over 6,000 exhibits observable among sharks swimming freely within a lagoon or amidst colorful coral reefs. Visitors also enjoy panoramic views atop the museum’s roof terrace.
Riviera
views.
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2. Sanya International Yachting Center, China
As Sanya’s prominence in sailing and maritime tourism expands, it has acquired the moniker “City of a Thousand Boats.” Opened in 2023 along the southern coastline of Hainan Island, the Sanya International Yachting Center was established as an upscale haven for luxurious vessels. This facility offers over 200 docking spots specifically designed for large yachts. It is conveniently located close to several areas within China.
most beautiful beaches
, it is an ideal spot for water sports in addition to sailing. As well as fine dining, retail and leisure options, the centre offers less glamorous services such as yacht maintenance.
The marina has been home to numerous prestigious events, notably December’s Boating Sanya, where around 200 seafaring vessels were showcased. However, Sanya offers much beyond boating; for instance, the serene Nanshan Temple, adorned with magnificent Buddhist sculptures, and pristine sandy shores like those found at Yalong Bay.
3. ONE°15 Marina Sentosa Cove, Singapore
Renowned for its dedication to luxury coupled with environmentally friendly practices, ONE°15 Marina Sentosa Cove draws inspiration from Singapore’s geographical coordinates—approximately one degree and fifteen minutes above the equator. This marina provides docking facilities suitable for vessels of various sizes alongside Quayside Isle—a public space featuring high-end eateries like Cantonese restaurant WOK°15 Kitchen where guests can enjoy quality meals. Known for integrating sustainable features such as solar lights and water recycling mechanisms, ONE°15 exemplifies Singapore’s focus on ecological maritime management. Additionally, this harbor serves as a venue for significant events; notably, the upcoming Singapore Yachting Festival will run from April 10th through April 13th, showcasing cutting-edge developments within the sector.
Beyond ONE°15, family-friendly
Sentosa
is a tropical getaway brimming with activities such as Universal Studios Singapore and Adventure Cove Waterpark. Guests can unwind on its pristine beaches, delve into the nature-filled paths of Sentosa Nature Discovery, and take in breathtaking vistas from the SkyPark at Resorts World. Among Sentosa’s accommodations, the Capella Singapore stands out as a premier choice – at minimum,
Taylor Swift
appeared to believe so when she came to town for her performance last March.
4. Dubai Marina
The biggest entirely artificial marina globally was created by excavating a 3.5-kilometer-long channel through the desert and then flooding it with seawater drawn from the Persian Gulf.
Dubai
Marina stands as a city unto itself, boasting over 200 skyscrapers along with luxurious hotels and high-end restaurants. This metropolis houses the 414-meter Princess Tower, which holds the distinction of being the tallest purely residential building globally. Additionally, its marina has the capacity to berth more than 500 yachts and megayachts, frequently belonging to members of Middle Eastern royal families and wealthy individuals.
When evening descends, the Dubai Marina Walk, a waterfront promenade adorned with eateries, dining venues, and luxury boutiques, comes alive under vibrant neon lights. At the center of this bustling area stands Pier 7, a multi-level hub featuring numerous food establishments and sky-high drinking spots. To the south extends the longest pier where you can find the colossal Ain Dubai observation wheel.
5. Vilamoura Marina, Portugal
A favorite meeting spot on the Algarve frequented by the affluent and celebrities who boat, enjoy cocktails, and mingle, Vilamoura Marina is located here.
Portugal
Its sandy southern coastline has been crowned International Marina of the Year seven times, with an outstanding streak of three successive victories, awarded by the British-based Yacht Harbour Association known for promoting safety and environmental excellence. Although it did not secure the top spot last year—where Montenegro’s Portonovi Marina triumphed—it received recognition in various categories: it was titled Superyacht Marina of the Year and Sustainable Marina of the Year.
Vilamoura features 825 docks capable of accommodating yachts up to 60 meters long. The area offers various amenities such as a wellness center, upscale shopping options, a golf course, and premium waterfront residences. Additionally, the marina is within easy reach of several beautiful sandy shores. Should your budget not be sufficient for purchasing a megayacht, stroll along the promenade where numerous eateries await. There, indulge in a comforting meal of Salmão Grelhado—grilled salmon fillet prepared with herbs, garlic, and lemon.
6. Ocean Marina Jomtien, located in Thailand
The biggest marina in Southeast Asia frequently attracts yacht owners as it is close to a resort town.
Pattaya
, on
Thailand’s east coast
With over 450 docks able to accommodate boats up to 75 meters long, Ocean Marina Jomtien has been the heart of local sailing activities since it was founded in 1989, and it features a packed racing calendar. The marina addresses various requirements—from fixing your boat or stocking it with high-end provisions to finding skilled crew members—and sailors can enjoy the consistent weather all year round which makes Thailand perfect for water sports. Whether they choose to sail around close-by destinations like Koh Larn and Koh Khram or venture further out into open waters, there’s always something exciting happening at this bustling harbor.
In addition to its maritime offerings, the location features dining establishments and lounges, with the Ocean Marina Resort Pattaya Jomtien hotel providing an overlook. Services include yacht and boat rentals, sailing lessons, aquatic activities, and fishing excursions.
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Copyright © 2025. South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.
oleh admin | Mar 4, 2025 | infrastructure, railroads, railway systems, technology, tourist attractions
There’s an undeniable allure we have towards magnificent railway bridges. Nothing compares to traversing through valleys and rivers as you revel in the breathtaking scenery revealed beneath your feet.
And they’re not just engineering accomplishments anymore; these structures have become landmarks that bring attention to their locations and serve as visible testaments to the progress of civil engineering.
This year, which stands out as particularly significant in Europe, Scotland’s iconic Forth Bridge is commemorating ten years since being awarded UNESCO World Heritage status—a rare distinction for a railway bridge. Additionally, this month marks its 135th anniversary.
This famous cantilever railway bridge spanning the Firth of Forth has become an integral part of Scotland’s pride and cultural legacy, so much so that it even appears on certain Scottish currency notes.
In what ways have railway bridges evolved throughout history?
Similar to how railways have changed, bridges also do not resemble their appearance from a hundred years ago.
“Railway bridges have undergone considerable development over the last century,” explains Professor Luke Prendergast, a specialist in civil engineering with a focus on bridges at the University of Nottingham. “Previously, stone-arch type bridges were widespread,” he notes.
These massive stone constructions were aesthetically pleasing but later made room for steel bridges featuring truss systems.
However, don’t assume that metal bridges cannot also be masterpieces of art.
“Steel enabled the creation of longer spans,” notes Professor Prendergast.
The most recent bridges are typically constructed using reinforced concrete and various composite materials, yet each of these designs can still be quite visually appealing. It ultimately boils down to individual preference when it comes to determining if traditional stone architecture appears more pleasant to the eye!
Do not look down: Where are the planet’s loftiest rail viaducts?
Although the latest skyscrapers tend to be the highest, this rule does not hold true for railway bridges.
Montenegro’s
The Mala Rijeka Viaduct was crowned as the world’s tallest railway bridge upon its inauguration in 1973.
The title has since been claimed by a more recent bridge in Guizhou.
China
.
However, the statistics of the Mala Rijeka Viaduct remain remarkable – at its tallest point, the 499-metre-long bridge soars 200 metres above the river beneath it. As expected for such an enormous construction, robust reinforcement was necessary, with the biggest pier being supported by a foundation as large as a tennis court.
Southern France’s
The Viaur Viaduct may not match the height of the Mala Rijeka Viaduct, yet it remains equally remarkable. This stunning steel construction dates back to 1902.
Renowned for its sophisticated design and impressive arches, this structure boasts the longest span of 220 meters. Architect Paul Bodin crafted its delicate appearance by adopting a novel method called balanced arches. This approach required minimal use of metal and instead utilized a counterbalance technique to ensure stability without additional material.
At its tallest point, towering 116 meters over the Viaur River Valley, this bridge stands as a testament to dedication, crafted from an impressive 3,800 tonnes of metal and secured with 160 tonnes of steel rivets, each needing manual tightening.
Wonders of Masonry in France and England
No bridges can surpass the beauty of the Chamborigaud Viaduct – an impressive structure featuring 29 arches and stretching 384 meters long. This magnificent bridge was constructed in the late 1800s by architect Charles Dombre for the Paris-Lyon-Mediterranean Railway Company.
A brick bridge that was constructed
Cévennes region
— featuring its deep valleys and towering hills — now more accessible, the viaduct was named a historical landmark by the French government in 1984.
Another impressive structure from the world of masonry is the Whalley Viaduct located in Northern England, constructed to support the railway.
Blackburn
To the Clitheroe railway line spanning the River Calder Valley. Introduced in 1850, this structure was constructed using six million bricks and features 48 arches.
This impressive construction has frequently been likened to a cathedral or monastery. This resemblance likely wasn’t accidental. The viaduct stands near Whalley Abbey, established in the 13th century, and Terence Woulfe Flanagan, who designed the bridge, drew inspiration from the abbey’s religious architectural style.
Another splendid example of stonework is the Ouse Valley Viaduct.
Sussex
, England. Upon its construction in the 1840s, it stood out for being quite advanced for its era. This 37-arch railway bridge utilizes design elements called jack arches to minimize the use of bricks.
The slender design of this bridge is regarded as one of England’s most graceful railway structures and is renowned for its changing colors, thanks to its rust-red bricks (exactly 11 million) and cream-colored limestone, which were locally sourced.
Normandy
.
Construct It and They Will Come: Renowned Bridges Transform Into Tourist Destinations
Several of Europe’s loveliest bridges have become attractions in their own regard. A prime example is one such structure.
Scotland’s
Glenfinnan Viaduct, which played a prominent part in the
Harry Potter movies
.
Professor Vasilis Sarhosis, who specializes in masonry bridges within the civil engineering department at the University of Leeds, greatly admires this structure and notes that its appeal goes beyond mere aesthetics.
“
Glenfinnan Viaduct
Constructed over a century ago, this bridge remains one of the biggest in Scotland,” states Professor Sarhosis.
It was built with mass concrete — this indicates that it lacks any steel reinforcement, contrary to many of today’s contemporary railway bridges.
Among the greatest achievements of Victorian-era engineering is this impressive 21-arch bridge, prominently featured on some Scottish currency notes. Stretching over 380 meters, it offers breathtaking vistas, particularly when viewed from the Glenfinnan Visitor Centre. This location serves as the beginning of several walking trails equipped with viewing stations designed for visitors eager to appreciate this remarkable feat of architecture.
Scotland’s aforementioned UNESCO-listed
Forth Rail Bridge
It is another astounding wonder situated just outside Edinburgh. This place has appeared in renowned British films like “The 39 Steps” and “Carry on Regardless,” as well as in a recent episode of “The Simpsons.”
Introduced in 1890, this cantilever-trussed bridge was constructed using 54,000 tonnes of steel and is renowned for its distinctive rust-red color. Currently, its shade is due to a specially formulated red paint designed to mimic the initial reddish-brown appearance of the structure upon its inauguration.
Another attraction for railway bridge enthusiasts is Switzerland’s iconic Landwasser Viaduct, a highlight along the UNESCO-listed Albula Mountain Railway. Constructed in the early 1900s, this impressive structure was built without using scaffolds. The engineers appreciated the straightforward material handling since the stones were sourced directly from the nearby limestone quarry.
Dolomite Mountains
through which the
railway
passes.
Compared to the other railway bridges mentioned here, this structure is quite brief—it has six arches and spans only 142 meters. The sharp bend of the bridge along with how one side seemingly vanishes into a mountainside makes it distinctive. This feature previously posed significant challenges before the bridge was built.
Notably impressive is the Sittertal Valley’s Sitter Viaduct, constructed in 1910 and standing as the tallest standard-gauge structure.
railway bridge
In Switzerland, this structure gained recognition for its distinctive fish-belly central truss design—an unsupported middle part supported solely by curved girders underneath. This pioneering approach showcased advanced building methods and earned international acclaim as a remarkable feat of engineering.
Further proof that
bridges can be attractions
on its own merits stands the Luís I Bridge in
Porto
, Portugal. This bridge stands out as one of the world’s most intricately decorated railway structures, featuring stonework embellished with Portugal’s coat of arms. After dark, lights on the upper level cast a warm golden glow over the entire structure.
The mastermind behind the iconic Eiffel Tower, Gustave Eiffel, nearly took on the role of designing it. However, his proposals were ultimately turned down, and the responsibility fell into the capable hands of German engineer Théophile Seyrig instead.
A cutting-edge link to a vehicular-free ski retreat
Lastly, let’s take a closer look at one of the globe’s most groundbreaking railway bridge designs.
You’ll find the
Swiss Alps’
The Stoos funicular railway bridge links Schwyz to the vehicle-free ski destination of Stoos. This system boasts being the world’s steepest funicular.
Riders aboard this mountain train—where the carriages look like smooth glass spheres—are transported through three tunnels and over two bridges. Among these, the standout structure is the bridge crossing the Muota River. Although it might not appeal to those who prefer classic designs, it remains an essential addition to our list celebrating the world’s most stunning railway bridges.
oleh admin | Mar 4, 2025 | infrastructure, railroads, railway systems, technology, tourist attractions
There’s something about magnificent railway bridges that we just can’t resist. It’s hard to beat the experience of traveling over deep valleys and rivers while taking in the breathtaking scenery beneath us.
And they’re not just engineering accomplishments anymore; they’ve become landmarks that highlight destinations and serve as visual testimonials to the progression of civil engineering.
This year, which stands out significantly in European history, marks 10 years since Scotland’s iconic Forth Bridge earned UNESCO World Heritage status — a rare honor for a railway bridge. Additionally, this month the bridge is celebrating its 135th anniversary.
This famous cantilever railway bridge spanning the Firth of Forth has become an integral part of Scotland’s pride and cultural legacy, so much so that it is featured on certain editions of Scottish banknotes.
What modifications have occurred in railway bridge design throughout history?
Similar to railways, bridges have also changed significantly from their appearance a hundred years ago.
“Over the last century, railway bridges have undergone considerable development,” explains Professor Luke Prendergast, who specializes in civil engineering with a focus on bridges at the University of Nottingham. “Previously, stone-arch type bridges were widespread,” he notes.
These massive stone constructions were aesthetically pleasing, yet they ultimately made room for steel bridges featuring truss systems.
However, avoid the error of thinking that metal bridges cannot also be artistic masterpieces.
“Steel enabled the creation of longer spans,” notes Professor Prendergast.
The most recent bridges are typically constructed using reinforced concrete and various composite materials, yet each of these designs can still be quite visually appealing. It ultimately boils down to individual preference when it comes to determining which looks better: the traditional stonework or the modern approach!
Avoid looking down: Where are the planet’s tallest railway bridges located?
Although the latest skyscrapers tend to be the tallest, this rule does not hold true for railway bridges.
Montenegro’s
The Mala Rijeka Viaduct was crowned as the globe’s tallest railway bridge upon its inauguration in 1973.
The title has since been claimed by a more recent bridge in Guizhou.
China
.
However, the statistics of the Mala Rijeka Viaduct remain remarkable — at its tallest point, the 499-meter-long bridge soars 200 meters above the river beneath it. As expected for such an enormous construction, substantial reinforcement is necessary; thus, the biggest pier stands upon a foundation as large as a tennis court.
Southern France’s
The Viaur Viaduct may not match the height of the Mala Rijeka Viaduct, yet it remains equally remarkable. This elegant steel construction dates back to 1902.
Renowned for its stylish design and majestic arches, this structure boasts a maximum span of 220 meters. Architect Paul Bodin crafted its refined appearance using an innovative method called balanced arches, reducing the amount of metal needed and relying instead on a counterweight system to ensure stability without additional material.
At its tallest point, towering 116 meters over the Viaur River Valley, this bridge stands as a testament to dedication, constructed from an impressive 3,800 tons of metal and secured with 160 tons of steel rivets, each needing manual tightening.
Wonders of stonework in France and England
No bridges can surpass the beauty of the Chamborigaud Viaduct—a stunning structure consisting of 29 arches spanning 384 meters, constructed in the late 1800s by architect Charles Dombre for the Paris-Lyon-Mediterranean Railway Company.
A brick bridge that was constructed
Cévennes region
— featuring its deep valleys and towering hills — making it far more accessible, the viaduct was designated a historic monument by the French government in 1984.
Another impressive structure from the realm of masonry is the Whalley Viaduct located in northern England, constructed to support the railway.
Blackburn
The railway line to Clitheroe crossing the River Calder Valley. Opened in 1850, it was constructed using six million bricks and features 48 arches.
This impressive edifice has frequently been likened to a cathedral or monastery, suggesting that such an association may have been deliberate. Located near Whalley Abbey—a site established in the 13th century—the viaduct reflects inspiration from the architectural style of the nearby abbey. Its designer, Terence Woulfe Flanagan, drew upon elements reminiscent of ecclesiastical structures for his creation.
Another impressive example of stonework is the Ouse Valley Viaduct.
Sussex
In England, when this structure was built during the 1840s, it stood out for being quite advanced for its era. This particular railroad viaduct, which spans with 37 arches, utilizes what are called jack arches in architecture to minimize the use of brick material.
The slender design of this bridge is regarded as one of England’s most graceful railway structures and is renowned for its changing colors, thanks to its rust-red bricks (exactly 11 million) and cream-colored limestone, which were locally sourced.
Normandy
.
Construct it and visitors will flock: Renowned spans transform into travel destinations
Several of Europe’s most stunning bridges have become attractions in their own regard. A prime example is one such bridge.
Scotland’s
The Glenfinnan Viaduct, which played a prominent part in the
Harry Potter movies
.
Professor Vasilis Sarhosis, who specializes in masonry bridges within the civil engineering department at the University of Leeds, greatly admires this structure and emphasizes that its appeal extends beyond its graceful design.
“
Glenfinnan Viaduct
“The bridge was built over a century ago and remains one of the biggest in Scotland,” explains Professor Sarhosis.
It was built with mass concrete — this indicates that it contains no steel reinforcement, contrasting with many contemporary railway bridges.
The Victoria era boasted many impressive engineering accomplishments, among them this remarkable 21-arch viaduct featured on some Scottish currency notes. Stretching an impressive 380 meters long, the finest vistas can be enjoyed at the Glenfinnan Visitor Centre. This location serves as the beginning of several walking trails adorned with viewing stations designed for visitors eager to appreciate this extraordinary feat of architecture.
Scotland’s aforementioned UNESCO-listed
Forth Rail Bridge
Another remarkable site, situated on the periphery of Edinburgh, has made appearances in classic British films like “The 39 Steps” and “Carry On Regardless,” as well as in a recent episode of “The Simpson”s.
Introduced in 1890, this cantilever-truss bridge was constructed using 54,000 tons of steel and is renowned for its distinctive rust-red color. Currently, its shade is due to a specially formulated red paint designed to mimic the initial reddish-brown patina of the bridge upon its inauguration.
Another attraction for railway bridge enthusiasts is Switzerland’s Landwasser Viaduct, a prominent feature along the UNESCO-listed Albula Mountain Railway. Built in the early 1900s, this iconic structure was constructed without scaffolding. The engineers appreciated the straightforward material handling since the viaduct was made using limestone quarried directly from the mountain.
Dolomite Mountains
through which the
railway
passes.
Compared to the other railway bridges featured here, this one is quite compact—it has six arches and spans only 142 meters. What sets it apart is its sharp curvature and how one end seemingly vanishes into a mountainside, making it particularly challenging to traverse before the bridge was built.
Similarly impressive is the Sittertal Valley’s Sitter Viaduct, constructed in 1910 and standing as the tallest standard-gauge bridge.
railway bridge
In Switzerland, this structure gained recognition for its distinctive fish-belly central truss design—an un-supported midsection supported solely by curved girders underneath. This groundbreaking approach showcased novel building methods and earned global acclaim as a remarkable feat of engineering.
Further proof that
bridges can be attractions
on its own merits stands the Luís I Bridge in
Porto
, Portugal. This is one of the world’s most intricately decorated railway bridges, featuring stone carvings embellished with Portugal’s coat of arms. After dark, lights on the upper level cast a warm golden glow over the structure.
The mastermind behind the iconic Eiffel Tower, Gustave Eiffel, nearly took on the role of designing it himself. However, his proposals were ultimately turned down, and the task was handed over to German engineer Théophile Seyrig instead.
A groundbreaking link to a pedestrian-only skiing destination
Finally, a look ahead, more specifically, at one of the world’s most innovative railway bridges.
You’ll find the
Swiss Alps’
The Stoos funicular railway bridge links Schwyz to the car-free ski destination of Stoos. This transportation system holds the title for being the steepest funicular globally.
Riders aboard this mountain train—where the carriages look like elegant glass spheres—are transported through three tunnels and over two bridges. Among these, the standout structure is the one arching across the Muota River. Although it might not appeal to those who prefer classic designs, it remains an essential part of our celebration of the planet’s most stunning railway bridges.
oleh admin | Feb 19, 2025 | culture, heritage, history, thailand, tourist attractions
For an extended period, Ayutthaya served as the magnificent capital of the Kingdom of Siam, which is now known as Thailand, acting as its central hub between 1350 and 1767. Established by King Ramathibodi I (also named U Thong), the city rapidly grew into one of the globe’s biggest and wealthiest urban centers.
There are 1,223 sites listed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. These include natural wonders, cultural treasures, and combined areas that represent remarkable aspects of human history and nature. They offer incredible opportunities for exploration and discovery across our globe. Among them today we explore the enchanting ancient temples of Ayutthaya, just a short journey away from Bangkok in Thailand.
Nestled strategically on an island encircled by three rivers,
Ayutthaya
served as a crucial hub for global commerce, drawing traders from every corner of the earth. During the 1600s, this urban center boasted approximately 1 million inhabitants, competing with Europe’s most populous cities at that time.
The city was famous for its magnificent architecture, featuring many temples and palaces. It had diplomatic ties with various nations, such as France during the reign of King Narai.
Sadly, Ayutthaya fell to the Burmese army in 1767 following an extended siege, bringing about the conclusion of the Ayutthaya Kingdom after 416 years of reign.
capital
was subsequently relocated, initially to
Thonburi
, then to
Bangkok
.
Today, the
ruins
The ruins of Ayutthaya form an extensive archaeological site designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This historic area serves as evidence of the former magnificence of the city, which was formerly among the most significant locations in Southeast Asia.
The previous capital of the Kingdom of Siam provides numerous tourist attractions, largely focused on its historical park, which is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Below are the key locations you should see:
1. The Historic Park.
2. Other significant landmarks within the city.
Major temples:
-
Wat Phra Si Sanphet:
Regarded as Ayutthaya’s premier temple, it stands out due to its trio of dome-like chedis, symbols that have come to represent the city itself.
-
Wat Mahathat:
Renowned for its image of a Buddha head entwined within a tree’s limbs, this location in Ayutthaya is among the city’s most frequently captured sights.
-
Wat Ratchaburana:
This temple was established to mark a triumph against the Burmese forces and features stunning murals along with a crypt that guests can visit.
-
Wat Chai Watthanaram:
Situated on the western side of the Chao Phraya River, this magnificent temple boasts a towering central spire measuring 35 meters high in Khmer architectural style.
Other sites of interest:
-
Royal Palace:
Even though mostly ruined, the remnants of the royal palace form an essential part of the historical park.
-
Ayutthaya National Museum:
For those interested in delving deeper into the city’s past.
-
Floating and local markets:
These provide an genuine encounter with Thai culture and the vibrant everyday activities of the city.
Worth a visit:
-
Boat trips:
These provide a distinctive viewpoint on the historic artifacts found alongside the waterways.
-
Guided tours:
These offer detailed insights into the city’s history and landmarks.
-
Cooking classes:
A chance to discover how to cook regional delicacies.
A majority of these locations operate between 8 AM and 6 PM daily. Should your schedule be limited, a one-day excursion might suffice for exploring key attractions like Wat Mahathat, Wat Phra Si Sanphet, and Wat Chai Watthanaram.
Ayutthaya is located
80km from Bangkok
. Allow two hours’
drive (taxi)
from the middle. The location can be easily reached from here.
train
The trip lasts approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes starting from the Hua Lamphong station in Bangkok.
(MH with LpR – Source: unesco.org (description) under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 – Image: Alice (thewonderalice) via Unsplash)
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